ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Necropsy findings as a post mortem diagnostic technique for transmissible diseases
Abstract: Zoonoses are considered as diseases transmissible between human and animal and can cause severe reactions in human, leading to high death. To date, significant effort has been made in prevention and treatment of zoonotic diseases. However, due to infectious nature of zoonotic diseases, their complete eradication presents a challenge. As Zoonotic infections result in a wide range of diseases and death, necropsy is an important procedure for its diagnostic investigations. This article highlights four of the most important zoonoses, Leishmaniasis, rabies, anthrax and Glander. Leishmaniasis can affect various organs of body and induces lesions and ulceration. Rabies can be transmitted by dog bites and nervous system is its main target. Anthrax has three primary forms (cutaneous, alimentary tract and inhalational) with high incidence of significant pathological lesions seen at necropsy. Sores on nasal mucosa, nodules on skin of abdomen and lower arm can be seen in Glander. The necropsy findings of aforementioned zoonotic diseases are discussed in the current review to provide scientific guidelines for their diagnosis and exerting preventive measures to control them. Keywords: Necropsy findings, Anthrax, Leishmaniasis, Rabies, Glander
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12715_409bcc82fcfbc0bfff1e20328b7d90d2.pdf
2021-08-01
1
10
10.22034/jzd.2021.12715
Necropsy findings
Anthrax
Leishmaniasis
rabies
Glander
Masoumeh
Moradi
ma.moradi@tabrizu.ac.ir
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shalaleh
Mousavi
shalaleh.mousavi@tabrizu.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
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61
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Rabies infection in Kidney : A hope for treatment in the future
Rabies is a serious zoonotic disease. Which currently no treatment method to cure and most of the infected patients die. The rabies virus invades the peripheral and central nervous system (brain), resulting in encephalitis and organ failure. But besides the nervous system, Rabies virus can also be found in other various organs such as kidneys, valves, intestines, heart, intestines, corneas, etc., with evidence through organ transplantation. The organ recipients can receive rabies and infect themselves in many countries such as the USA, China, India, France and Germany. It is also proven that the kidneys are the organs that actually accumulate rabies but not directly affected by the infection. The lesion of the kidney comes from the indirect effect of rabies encephalitis itself. As some mechanisms of the body and organs consist of pathogenesis, Immune system dodging by infectious P-protein or latent into the body''''s dendritic cells or processes Glycosylation. Which of these things makes the kidneys not directly damaged by rabies. This could be a guideline or hope in future studies of rabies treatment. And is a case study that must focus on organ transplant cases as well.
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_13107_b176f28761b9beafcf358dec459a9b6f.pdf
2021-08-01
11
17
10.22034/jzd.2021.13107
rabies
Zoonosis
Kidneys
Virus
Boonyakorn
Wongsakul
boonyakorn.w@gmail.com
1
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Pathumwan, Bangkok,Thailand
LEAD_AUTHOR
Visith
Sitprija
visithstprj@yahoo.com
2
Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
AUTHOR
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28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bacterial contamination of cellular phones at a Veterinary School and Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Cellular phones have become an integral part of not only modern-day life but also Veterinary Medicine. They provide clinicians with quick access to reference material, laboratory results, and patient side consults. However, these phones may also act as fomites and be a source of Hospital-acquired infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of cellular phones in the dissemination of foodborne pathogens and other pathogenic organisms. Using Escherichia coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus as indicator organisms for pathogenic bacteria,cellular phones belonging to students and staff at a Veterinary School and a Veterinary Teaching Hospital were assessed. Overall less than 1% (1/115) of cellular phones tested positive for E. coli. However, 21% (24/115) of the phones were contaminated with the highly pathogenic coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The majority of phones testing for positive for of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus (15/24) belonged to persons working in a clinical environment. The low contamination rate of phones with E. coli indicates phones are not a major vehicle for the dissemination of foodborne pathogens. However, the higher incidence of Staphylococcus aureus contamination should of critical concern since these phones may be acting as fomites for the dissemination of other pathogens. These results highlight the need for proper cellular phone use and disinfection protocols to be implemented in hospital settings to reduce potential transmission pathogens.
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12731_30da148b85bf3afa4b936c6f63aca3c0.pdf
2021-08-01
18
25
10.22034/jzd.2021.12731
Cellular phone
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Xavier Chapman
Chapman
xchapman1@live.com
1
School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of West Indies
AUTHOR
Reeshan
Maharaj
reeshanmarajh@gmail.com
2
School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of West Indies
AUTHOR
Saif
Imam
gladiator-rex@live.com
3
School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of West Indies
AUTHOR
Steffony
Green
steffonygreen@gmail.com
4
School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of West Indies
AUTHOR
Anisah
Yusuf
anisah.yusuf@sta.uwi.edu
5
School of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of West Indies
AUTHOR
Anil
Persad
anilkpersad@gmail.com
6
School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad, West Indies
LEAD_AUTHOR
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Mushabati N., Samutela M., Yamba K., Ngulube J., Nakazwe R., Nkhoma P. & Kalonda A. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of healthcare workers at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Infection Prevention in Practice, 2021, 3(2), 100126.
15
Olsen M., Campos M., Lohning A., Jones P., Legget J., Bannach-Brown A., McKirdy S., Alghafri R. & Tajouri L. Mobile phones represent a pathway for microbial transmission: A scoping review. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 2020, 35, 101704
16
Pearson A. Historical and changing epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections. The Journal of Hospital Infection, 2009, 73(4), 296-304.
17
Saputra S., Jordan D., Mitchell T., Wong H. S., Abraham R. J., Kidsley A., Turnidge J., Trott D. J. & Abraham S. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Australia. Veterinary Microbiology, 2017, 21143-50.
18
Srikanth P., Rajaram E., Sudharsanam S., Lakshmanan A., Mariappan U. S. S. & Jagannathan K. Mobile phones: emerging threat for infection control. Journal of Infection Prevention, 2010, 11(3), 87-90.
19
Swartz M. N. Human diseases caused by foodborne pathogens of animal origin. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2002, 34(Supplement_3), S111-22.
20
Tagoe D. N., Gyande V. K. & Ansah E. O. 2011. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones: When your mobile phone could transmit more than just a call. WebmedCentral Microbiology [Online], 2(10).Available:http://dx.doi.org/10.9754/journal.wmc.2011.002294 [Accessed 2020].
21
Tallent S., Hait J., Bennet R. W. & Lancette G. A. 2016. BAM: Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriological Analytical Manual [Online].Available:https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-staphylococcus-aureus [Accessed 19th January 2019].
22
Ulger F., Esen S., Dilek A., Yanik K., Gunaydin M. & Leblebicioglu H. Are we aware how contaminated our mobile phones with nosocomial pathogens? Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, 2009, 87.
23
Yang M., Guo W., Yang C., Tang J., Huang Q., Feng S., Jiang A., Xu X. & Jiang G. Mobile phone use and glioma risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 2017, 12(5), e0175136.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial activity of ajwain essential oil against some zoonotic bacteria
Summary Harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can cause different types of diseases in people and animals, ranging from mild to severe illness and even death. Due to the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance among germs causing zoonotic diseases, more studies have focused on the usage of natural agents against them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of ajwain essential oil on some of the most common zoonotic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of ajwain essential oil was screened against Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia using disc diffusion method and broth microdilution assays. Ajwain essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) at a range of 2.5 to 10 µg/ml for Gram-positives and 40 to 80 µg/ml for Gram-negatives and minimum biocidal concentration (MBC) at a range of 10-40 µg/ml for Gram-positives and 80 µg/ml for Gram-positives. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus anthracis were the most susceptible to this essential oil, respectively. The results suggest that the activity of ajwian essential oil can be mainly attributed to the presence of phenol, benzene methyl, γ-terpinene, and thymol which appears to possess similar activities against all the tested bacteria. In conclusion, this material could be served as an important natural alternative to prevent zoonotic bacterial growth.
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_12772_f2b7fc90608bcbc92b6f8e0e9b1e7f67.pdf
2021-08-01
26
33
10.22034/jzd.2021.44644.1103
Antimicrobial activity
Ajwain
Essential Oil
Zoonotic bacteria
Sahar
Nouri Gharajalar
saharnouri@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Akbarinia A., Sefidkon F., Ghalvand A., Tahmasebi Sarvestani Z. and Sharifi Asarabdi A. (2005). A Study on chemical composition of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) essential oil produced in Qazvin. Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Science, 9 (3), pp. 22-5.
2
Asante J., Noreddin A. and EI Zowalaty ME. (2019). Systemic review of important bacterial zoonoses in Africa in the last decade in light of the One Health concept. Pathogens, 8(2), 50.
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Athamna A, Athamna M., Abu-Rashed N., Medlej B., Bast DJ. and Rubinstein E. (2004). Selection of Bacillus anthracis isolates resistant to antibiotics. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54, 424- 428.
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Boskabady MH., Alitaneh S. and Alavinezhad A. (2014). Carum copticum L: A herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects. BioMed Research International, 2014, pp.1-11.
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Breijyeh Z., Jubeh B. and Karaman R. (2020). Resistance of Gram- negative bacteria to current antibacterial agents and approaches to resolve it. Molecules, 25(6), 1340.
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Cantas L. and Suer K. (2014). Review: the importan bacterial zoonoses in one health concept. Frontiers in Public Health, 2, 144.
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CLSI, document. : M 100-S25. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 25nd informational supplement. 2015.
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Galvao L., Furletti VF., Bersan SM., Guilherme da Cunha M., Ruiz AL., Ernesto de Carvalho J., Sartoratto A., Lúcia Garcia Rehder V., Figueira GM., Duarte MCT., Ikegaki M. and Matias de Alencar S. (2012). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans and their Antiproliferative Effects. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 751435, pp. 1-12.
9
Gharajalar N. S. and Hassanzadeh M. (2017). Antibacterial properties of Carum copticum essential oil against mutans Streptococci isolated from dog dental plaque. VeterinarniMedicina, 2017. 62, pp. 654-660.
10
Goudarzi G.H.R., Saharkhiz MJ., Sattari M. and Zomorodian, K. (2011). Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Ajowan(Carum copticum Benth. & Hook) Essential Oil. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 13, pp. 203-208.
11
Haghiroalsadat BF., Vahidi AR., Azimzadeh M., Kalantar SM., Bernard F. and Hokmollahi F. (2012). Chemical Assessment of Active Ingredients and Antioxidant Effects of Trachyspermum Copticum's Seeds harvested in Yazd Province. Journal of RafsanjanUniversity of Medical Sciences, 11 (3), pp. 197-206.
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Inouye SH., Takizawa T. and Yamaguchi H. (2001). Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their major constituents against respiratory tract pathogens by gaseous contact. Journal ofAntimicrobial Chemotherapy. 47(5), pp. 65–573.
13
Jones KE., Patel NG., Levy MA., Storeygard A., Balk D., Gittleman JL. and Daszak P. (2008). Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature. 451, pp.990–993.
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Jubeh B., Breijyeh Z. and Karaman R. (2020). Resistance of Gram-positive bacteria to current antibacterial agents and overcoming approaches. Molecules, 25(12), 2888.
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Kumar A., Jhadwal N., Lal M. and Singh M. (2012). Antibacterial activity of some Medicinal Plants used against UTI causing Pathogens. International Journal of Drug Development andResearch, 4(2), pp. 278 -83.
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Mahboubi M. and Kazempour N. (2011).Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Satureja hortensis and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil. Iranian Journal ofMicrobiolgy, 3 (4), pp. 194-200.
17
Mahmoudi R., Ehsani A., Tajik H. and Pajohi Alamoti M. (2013a). Evaluation of phytochemical and antibacterial properties of some medicinal plants from Iran. Journal ofBiologically Active Products from Nature, 3, pp. 310- 322.
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Mahmoudi R., Kosari M. and Barati, SH. (2013b). Phytochemical and Biological properties of Ferula sharifi essential oil. Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature, 3, pp.331-338.
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Majdi M., Dastan D. and Maroofi, H. (2017). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ballota nigra Subsp. kurdica From Iran. Jundishapur Journalof Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 12(3), e36314.
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Manzo LM., Moussa I. and Ikhri K. (2017). Survey: A Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Plants used Against Gastrointestinal Disorders in Niger, West Africa. Jundishapur Journalof Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 12(4), e65730.
21
Meade E., Slattery MA. and Garvey M. (2017). Antimicrobial resistance: an agent in zoonotic diseaseand increased morbidity. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, 1, pp. 30-37.
22
MehriArdestani M., Aliahmadi A., Toliat T., Dalimi A., Momeni Z. and Rahimi R. (2020). Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague Essential Oil and Its Active Constituent, Thymol, against Vaginal Pathogens. Traditional and IntegrativeMedicine, 5(2), pp. 49-58.
23
Mobaiyen H., Nasarolah Pour M. and Elmi F. (2015). Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of Trachyspermum copticum L. essential oil, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 3 (3-4), pp. 71-74.
24
Pandey AK., Kumar P., Singh P., Tripathi NN. And Bajpai VK. (2017). Essential Oils: Sources of Antimicrobials and Food Preservatives. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, 2161.
25
Rabiey S., Hosseini H. and Rezaei M. (2014). Use Carum copticum essential oil for controlling the Listeria monocytogenes growth in fish model system. Brazilian Journal ofMicrobiology, 1, pp. 89-96.
26
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27
Sagdic O., Karahan AG., Ozcan M. and Ozkan G. (2003). Effect of some spice extracts on bacterial inhibition. Food Science and Technology International, 9(5), pp. 353 -8.
28
Sharifi mood B., Shafaghat M., Metanat M., Saeidi S. and Sepehri N. (2014). The inhibitory effect of Ajwan essential oil on bacterial growth. International Journal of Infection, 2(1), e19394.
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Usha M., Ragini S. and Naqvi S. (2012). Antibacterial activity of acetone and ethanol extracts of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) on four food spoilage bacteria. International Research Journal of Biological Science, 1(4), pp. 7 -11.
31
Vitali LA., Beghelli D., Biapanya PC., Bistoni O., Cappellacci L., Damiano S., Maggi F., Orsomando G., Papa F., Petrelli D., Petrelli R., Quassinti L., Sorci L., Majdzadeh M. Bramucci M. (2016). Diverse biological effects of the essential oil from Iranian Trachyspermum ammi. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, pp. 775-786.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phylogenetic evaluation of Escherichia coli isolated from cases of bacillus diarrhea
Escherichia coli )E. coli) is the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, although most of the strains are known not to be pathogenic. Pathogenic strains of E. coli can cause a wide variety of diseases, including urinary tract infection, intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, as well as problems in the respiratory system. In fact, 80-90 % of urinary tract infections are attributed to E. coli bacteria along with different phylogenetic groups of these bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine phylogenetic groups of E. coli isolates from fecal samples of calves affected with Bacillus in the Moghan region, northwest of Iran. Samples were taken from 60 calves (1 to 30 days old) with common basil diarrhea in a dairy farm located in the Moghan region in the northwest of Iran in 2017. Samples were cultured in E. coli culture media. Among isolated bacteria, 50 samples (83.33%) were positive for E. coli bacteria. Then the samples were coded and prepared for PCR. The phylogenetic background of the isolates was determined according to the presence of the chuA, yjaA, and TspE4.C2 markers in E. coli bacteria. The results showed that among 50 isolates, 31 were B2 group (62%), 8 were D group (16%), 3 were B1 group (6%), 1 was A group (2%), and remaining cases were 7 (14%). Obtained results clearly demonstrated that the most frequent phylogenetic group of E. coli was B2, whereas group A was the least one in the Moghan region.
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_13327_2b31c8678a095d347171eff97db37dcf.pdf
2021-08-01
34
39
10.22034/jzd.2021.13327
E. coli
Phylogenetic
Bacil diarrhea
Calf
The Moghan
Sina
Moshtagh
sinamoshtagh.dvm@yahoo.com
1
Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran
AUTHOR
Mandana
Simiari
simiarimandana@yahoo.com
2
Graduated of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University,Tabriz,Iran
AUTHOR
Kiarash
Mokhtari
kiarash.mokhtari@gmail.com
3
DVM student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Khakpour
dr.mansoor_khakpoor@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Alonso C.A., González-Barrio D., Tenorio C., Ruiz-Fons F. & Torres C. Antimicrobial resistance in faecal Escherichia coli isolates from farmed red deer and wild small mammals. Detection of a multiresistant E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2016, 45, 34-9.
2
Barzan M., Rad M., Tabar G. & Azizzadeh M. Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and diarrheic calves in Mashhad, Iran. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2017, 20, 11-18.
3
Clermont O., Bonacorsi S. & Bingen E. Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli phylogenetic group. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2000, 66(10), 4555-8.
4
Coura F.M., de Araújo Diniz S., Mussi J.M.S., Silva M.X., Lage A.P. & Heinemann M.B. Characterization of virulence factors and phylogenetic group determination of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic calves from Brazil. Folia Microbiologica, 2017, 62(2), 139-44.
5
Derakhshandeh A., Firouzi R. & Naziri Z. Phylogenetic group determination of faecal Escherichia coli and comparative analysis among different hosts. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 2014, 15(1), 13-7.
6
Escobar-Páramo P., Clermont O., Blanc-Potard A-B., Bui H., Le Bouguénec C. & Denamur E. A specific genetic background is required for acquisition and expression of virulence factors in Escherichia coli. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 2004, 21(6), 1085-94.
7
Ghanbarpour R. & Oswald E. Phylogenetic distribution of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis in Iran. Research in Veterinary Science, 2010, 88, 6–10.
8
Gordon D.M, Clermont O., Tolley H. & Denamur E. Assigning Escherichia coli strains to phylogenetic groups: multi‐locus sequence typing versus the PCR triplex method. Environmental Microbiology, 2008, 10(10), 2484-96.
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Gordon D.M & Cowling A. The distribution and genetic structure of Escherichia coli in Australian vertebrates: host and geographic effects. Microbiology, 2003, 149(12)3575-86.
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Guardabassi L., Schwarz S. & Lloyd D.H. Pet animals as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2004, 54(2), 321-32.
11
Jubelin G., Desvaux M., Schüller S., Etienne-Mesmin L., Muniesa M. & Blanquet-Diot S. Modulation of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli survival and virulence in the human gastrointestinal tract. Microorganisms, 2018, 6(4), 115.
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Khan S.B., Zou G., Cheng Y.T., Xiao R., Li L. & Wu B. Phylogenetic grouping and distribution of virulence genes in Escherichia coli along the production and supply chain of pork around Hubei, China. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 2016, 50(3).
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Lee J., Subhadra B., Son Y.J., Kim D., Park H. & Kim J. Phylogenetic group distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in South Korea. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2016, 62(1), 84-90.
14
Maciel J.F., Matter L.B., Tasca C., Scheid D.A.R., Gressler L.T., Ziech R.E. & Vargas A.C. Characterization of intestinal Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea due to rotavirus and coronavirus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2019, 68(3), 417-423.
15
Morcatti Coura F., Diniz S. d. A., Silva M. X., Mussi J. M. S., Barbosa S.M. & Lage A.P. Phylogenetic group determination of Escherichia coli isolated from animals samples. The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 2015, 1-4.
16
Nakhaee P., Peighambari S.M. & Razmyar J. Phylogenetic group determination of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers and layers with colibacillosis. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology, 2015, 7(1), 12-21.
17
Rzewuska M., Czopowicz M., Kizerwetter-Świda M., Chrobak D., Błaszczak B. & Binek M. Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from infections in dogs and cats in Poland (2007–2013). The Scientific World Journal, 2015, 2015, 408205.
18
Shaheen B.W., Nayak R., Foley S.L. & Boothe D. M. Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms among broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from companion animals in the USA. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2013, 68(5), 1019-24.
19
Sobieszczańska B.M. Distribution of genes encoding iron uptake systems among enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains isolated from adults with irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2008, 14(11), 1083-6.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A pilot study on knowledge, attitude, and practice of pet bird owners on zoonotic diseases
Pet ownership in general and pet bird ownership, in particular, is increasing recently. However, the status of pet ownership and the demographics of owners are unclear in Iran. The current study was designed to characterize the knowledge and attitude of pet bird ownership status, factors influencing pet bird ownership in metropolitan Tehran. A questionnaire was administered to pet bird owners in Parseh Pet Clinic. The questions were related to pet bird owners towards pet bird choice, management practice, and disease control. Local bird markets were more frequently visited for providing pet birds. Most pet owners reported a low level of information on prevalent and zoonotic diseases of the pet birds; however, most owners (90%) indicated that they consider veterinarians the primary source for providing information about management and zoonosis. This study was the first to provide concise information about pet bird ownership in Tehran. Providing more information to visitors in the bird markets is recommended to preserve the visitors҆ health and to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Strength communication between clients and veterinarians is essential to promote the health and welfare of the owners and the pet birds as well. Further research to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of owners towards pet management and health are recommended.
https://jzd.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_13286_49fce6737479f7d5a8a1792dc3e3da1c.pdf
2021-08-01
40
45
10.22034/jzd.2021.13286
Bird
Pet ownership
Management and health
Zoonotic diseases
Iran
Mmohammad Hossein
Fallah Mehrabadi
mhf2480@yahoo.com
1
Department of Poultry Diseases, RAZI Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
arashghalyanchi@gmail.com
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Esmaeelzadeh Dizaji
rezaesmailzade@rocketmail.com
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyyed Jamal
Emami
sjemami22@gmail.com
4
Division of Epidemiology and Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Saeed
Rezaei
dr.saeedrezaei@yahoo.com
5
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Hojabr Rajeoni
ahrscience@gmail.com
6
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Modiri
amirmodiri72@gmail.com
7
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Ziafati Kafi
zahra.ziafati@gmail.com
8
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arzhang
Shayeganmehr
arjang.sh@gmail.com
9
University of Saskatchewan
AUTHOR
References
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2
Block G., McKenzie B. & Yeates J. US pet ownership & demographics sourcebook (2012). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2018, 253(3), 264.
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Boseret G., Losson B., Mainil J. G., Thiry E. & Saegerman C. Zoonoses in pet birds: review and perspectives. Veterinary Research, 2013, 44(1), 36.
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Downes M., Canty M. J. & More S. J. Demography of the pet dog and cat population on the island of Ireland and human factors influencing pet ownership. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2009, 92(1), 140-9.
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Friedmann E. 2013. The role of pets in enhancing human well-being: physiological.
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Gee N. R., Mueller M. K. & Curl A. L. Human–animal interaction and older adults: An overview. Front Psychol, 2017, 81416.
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Koene R., Hautvast J., Züchner L., Voorn P., Rooyackers-Lemmens E., Noel H. & Swaan C. Local cluster of psittacosis after bird show in the Netherlands, November 2007. Weekly Releases, 2007, 12(50), 3328.
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Leslie B. E., Meek A. H., Kawash G. F. & McKeown D. B. An epidemiological investigation of pet ownership in Ontario. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 1994, 35(4), 218.
10
Matsui T., Nakashima K., Ohyama T., Kobayashi J., Arima Y., Kishimoto T., Ogawa M., Cai Y., Shiga S., Ando S., Kurane I., Tabara K., Itagaki A., Nitta N., Fukushi H., Matsumoto A. & Okabe N. An outbreak of psittacosis in a bird park in Japan. Epidemiology and Infection, 2008, 136(4), 492-5.
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Serafini C. A. V., Rosa G. A., Guimaraes A. M. S., De Morais H. A. & Biondo A. W. Survey of Owned Feline and Canine Populations in Apartments from a Neighbourhood in Curitiba, Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health, 2008, 55(8‐10), 402-5.
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Slater M. R., Di Nardo A., Pediconi O., Villa P. D., Candeloro L., Alessandrini B. & Del Papa S. Cat and dog ownership and management patterns in central Italy. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2008, 85(3), 267-94.
17
Steele S. & Mor S. Client knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding zoonoses: a metropolitan experience. Australian Veterinary Journal, 2015, 93(12), 439-44.
18
Stull J. W., Brophy J. & Weese J. S. Reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2015, 187(10), 736-43.
19