Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Letter from Editor-in-Chief116723ENMohammad AliRadJournal Article20171113Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Molecular diagnosis of Zoonotic Mycobacterium bovis infection in Melghat, India2166724ENPrachi RBapatResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaAshish SSatavMeditations, AIDS, Health, Addiction & Nutrition (MAHAN) Trust, C/O Mahatma Gandhi Tribal Hospital, Karmagram, Utavali, Tahsil Dharni, District: Amravati, Maharashtra, IndiaSeema DShekhawatResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaSonali DMankeResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaAliabbas AHusainResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India0000-0002-0765-3325Amit RNayakResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaAnuja PKawleResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaLokendra RSinghResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, IndiaHatim FDaginawalaResearch Centre, Central India Institute of Medical Sciences,
88/2, Bajaj Nagar, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India0000-0001-6081-6480RajpalKashyapCentral India Institute of Medical SciencesJournal Article20170318Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in humans is not adequately diagnosed since classical biochemical and cultural tests are both sophisticated and time consuming. However, being intrinsically resistant to Pyrazinamide, the species-specific identification of M. bovis is clinically significant. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of Zoonotic M. bovis-induced tuberculosis (TB) in the malnourished tribal population of Melghat using a duplex PCR assay targeting the regions of difference (RD) 1 and 4. A prospective cohort study was carried over a period of 2 years from 2011 to 2013 in the Melghat region of Maharashtra, India. A total number of 347 blood samples were collected from participants recruited through camps organized in 10 different villages of Melghat. The samples were then subjected to duplex PCR assay for differential identification of the mycobacterial pathogens viz., M. tuberculosis (M. tb), M. bovis and M. bovis BCG. The duplex PCR assay identified M. bovis in 2.59% (9/347) and M. tb in 17.29% (60/347) of samples. Altogether the 9 M. bovis positive cases had exposure to domesticated animals or consumed raw, unpasteurized milk. This study provided a rapid and cost effective molecular tool for screening of M. bovis in the isolated regions of Melghat.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance patterns of biofilm forming Escherichia coli isolated from humans and chickens17266725ENSaharNouri GharajalarDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.0000-0002-5123-5227Journal Article20170228is strong evidence that the use of antimicrobials can lead to the appearance and rise of bacterial resistance both in human and animals. Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from human and chicken samples were examined for their biofilm formation ability and antibiotic resistance patterns in this study. A total of 100 E. coli samples, isolated from humans and chickens were examined to determine the biofilm forming properties by tube test, cover slip test and microtitre plate method. After which the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among the organisms was determined. Among avian isolates, tissue culture plate method, cover slip test and tube assay detected 68%, 54% and 60% antimicrobial resistance, respectively. In human isolates 72%, 56% and 66% antimicrobial resistance were evidence by tissue culture plate method, cover slip test and tube assay, respectively. The resistance pattern of these isolates showed that E. coli from chicken samples was resistant to Nalidixic acid (100%), Ciprofloxacin (80%), Doxycycline (80%), Tetracycline (76%), Cefotaxime (30%), Ceftriaxone (30%), Amikacin (28%), Nitrofurantoin (24%), Ceftazidime (22%), Furazolidone (20%), Cefixime (10%), and Gentamicin (0%). E. coli from human clinical samples was resistant to Tetracycline (62%), Doxycyclie (58%), Ciprofloxacin (58%), Nalidixic acid (50%), Ceftazidime (40%), Cefotaxime (36%), Ceftriaxon (24%), Cefixime (20%), Amikacin (16%) and gentamicin (8%), Furazolidone (4%) and Nitrofurantoin (0%). Furthermore multi resistant E. coli isolates were common in human and chicken samples. However, the percentages of multi resistant E. coli were higher in chicken than in human isolates. The results of this study suggested that chickens can act as reservoirs for transfer of antimicrobial resistant bacteria to humans. Furthermore, all of the E. coli biofilm producers from human and avian origins had multidrug resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability can increase the antibiotic resistance profile of E. coli isolates.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Small ruminant brucellosis and awareness of pastoralist community about zoonotic importance of the disease in Yabello districts of Borena Zone Oromia regional state, southern Ethiopia27366726ENWubishet ZewdieWakeneYabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory(Microbiologist)SadikKasimOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaAbdiAhmedOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaAbdallahBulbulaOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaHuqaLibanOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaAlemayehuBulchaOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaMokoninBeleteOromia Pastoralist Development Commission Yabello Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Yabello, EthiopiaGetachewAbichuNational Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center(NAHDIC) Sebeta, EthiopiaGetachewKinfeNational Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center(NAHDIC) Sebeta, EthiopiaJournal Article20170625Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting the wellbeing of human and animals mainly in developing countries. Small ruminants are highly adaptable to broad range of environmental conditions and are the most important income sources for poor households. A cross sectional study was carried out on a total of 283 animals (99 sheep and 184 goats) from October 2016 till April 2017 to estimate seroprevalence of small ruminant brucellosis. In addition, a structured questionnaire was filled out by 126 respondents of 10 peasant associations (PA’s) to assess community awareness about zoonotic importance of diseases. The overall seroprevalence of the brucellosis in small ruminant was 23 (8.1%) (95% CI: 5.2, 11.9) revealed by c-ELISA. The individual species seroprevalence of brucellosis was 9.2 (95%CI: 5.5, 14.4) and 6.1(95%CI: 2.3, 12.7) in goat and sheep, respectively. Among 126 respondents, 112 (88.9) of had no knowledge about zoonotic importance of brucellosis and its transmission routs, whereas 14 (11.1%) of them were aware of the disease. Consequently, the majority of the respondents handled all aborted fetus; assisted their animals during the parturition by bare hand without any protective clothing, consumed raw milk and animal blood. In addition, the physicians were not aware of the disease and they did not consider the brucellosis while treating patient submitted to health post with suggestive clinical sign of brucellosis. Therefore, integrated human and veterinary doctors’ disease control strategy should be developed and applied to control the disease both in human and animals.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Prevalence of parasitic infections of mice and rats in research centers of Tabriz universities37446727ENAfsanehDolatkhahexpert in department of Parasitiology, Faculty of medicine, Tabriz university of medical sciencesAhmadNematollahiDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-5219-3420ParisaShahbaziDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranMehranMesghariDepartment of Drugs and Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20170121The development of many biological assays relies on the usage of various laboratory animals. Extensive utilization of these animals in biomedical researches necessitated high quality hygienic and breeding conditions in animal houses. Moreover, many zoonotic diseases including parasitic, bacterial and viral infections are transferred from the laboratory animals to humans. This study investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections of some laboratory animals that were conventionally maintained in animal houses of research centers in Tabriz universities. Blood, fecal and cutaneous samples were collected from 70 laboratory animals (35 mice and 35 rats).The fecal samples were stained with Trichrome, Modified Zeil-Nelson Staining and observed by direct method. All blood samples (100%) were negative. Fecal examinations revealed the cyst of Giardia muris (57%), eggs of Ascaris (spp.) (17%), Oxyuris muris (93%), Syphacia muris (4%), Aspicularis tetraptera (2%), and Hymenolepis nana (9%). In cutaneous examinations Polyplax serrata (21%) and lice nit (55%) were observed. The present study indicated that the examined laboratory animals were infected with different enteric and cutaneous parasites. Thus, we suggest that the staff and researchers working in this area need to be aware of the risk of these infections. Moreover, the monitoring of animal houses is indispensable.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101Seroprevalence of Linguatula serrata infection among sheep in Fars province, south of Iran45506729ENAzadeYektasereshtDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranMohammadAsadpourDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranArashJafariDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranSeyed HosseinMalekpourDepartment of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20170805Linguatula serrata is an important zoonotic parasite at a global scale. The epidemiological role of sheep in transmission of linguatulosis has recently been demonstrated, but there is still a lack of information on the subject. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence and seroprevalence of L. serrata infection among sheep in Fars province, south of Iran, from December 2014 to September 2015. Blood samples were collected from 180 sheep in Shiraz abattoir. The antibody detection against L. serrata was made by counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP). Specific antibodies against L. serrata were detected in 84 (46.66%) out of 180 ovine sera. Out of 38 males, 21 under 1 year old (55.26 %) and out of 81 males, 36 older than 1 year (44.44%) were infected with nymphs. Fifteen out of 30 females under 1 year old (50%) and 12 out of 31 females above 1 year old (38.7%) were infected with nymphs. The age and the sex of infected sheep showed no significant differences between positive and negative cases (P≤0.05). The results of this study showed the presence of L. serrate among sheep in Iran, which could be a public health concern. According to the relatively high prevalence of L. serrata infection in sheep, implementation of control measures to reduce infection in both definitive and intermediate hosts are needed.Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of TabrizJournal of Zoonotic Diseases2476-535X2220171101A case of enteric myiasis by Sarcophaga spp. larvae in stable worker from Iran51566728ENRoghayehNorouziDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-4393-2380ArmanManochehriDepartment of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20170703Myiasis is the infestation of tissues of animals or man by parasitic dipterous fly larvae. Enteric myiasis occurs when eggs or larvae of the fly, placed on food or water, then, swallowed by man and are passed out in faeces. This case report describes a type of intestinal myiasis caused by Sarcophaga species larva in a 34-year-old stable worker man in Kurdistan Province, western Iran. The clinical signs consisted of abdominal distress, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain and loose faces. Following the disposal of maggots in his stool, larvae were identified to be Sarcophaga spp. based on characteristic patterns of posterior spiracles. The symptoms were completely resolved within 2 days. The patient seems to have been infested accidentally. This paper is the second report of human enteric myiasis caused by Sarcophaga species.